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EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
RESEARCH FINDING:
High school students who complement their academic studies with
extracurricular activities gain experience that contributes to
their success in college.
COMMENT:
High school class rank and test scores are the best predictors of
academic success in college, but involvement sustained over time
in one or two extracurricular activities contributes to overall
achievement in college. On the other hand, when these activities
become ends in themselves, academic performance may suffer.
Students who participate in extracurricular activities gain some
significant advantages. Among them are:
. Opportunities for recognition, personal success, and
broader experience to complement their academic achievement;
. the chance to develop intellectual, social, cultural, and
physical talents to round out their academic education; and
. the opportunity to extend the boundaries of the classroom
by acquiring direct experience with the content and worth of a
subject; for example, when drama club members study and present
the plays of Shakespeare, or when debaters gain practice in
applied logic, research, and public presentations.
Although such activities as athletics are less clearly related to
academic goals, they do provide opportunities for physical growth
and self-discipline. Indeed, all these activities can extend the
range of experience that schools can offer.
But when extracurricular activities get out of balance, problems
can arise, as when high school athletes treat sports as an alter-
native to learning rather than an addition to it. Distracted by
the prestige they earn in sports, student athletes may fail to
prepare adequately for the academic requirements of college or
the workplace. This situation has worsened in recent years, and
many abuses have come to light, such as lowering (or winking at)
the academic requirements for sports eligibility. There have
been recent attempts to rectify this situation by reinstating
academic criteria as a condition for participation in all extra-
curricular activities.
Braddock, J. H., II (1981). "Race, Athletics, and Educational
Attainment." Youth and Society, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 335-350.
Purdy, D., Eitzen, D. S., and Hufnagel, R. (l982). "Are Athletes
Students? The Educational Attainment of College Athletes." So-
cial Problems, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 439-448.
Spady, W. (l970). "Lament for the Letterman: Effects of Peer
Status and Extracurricular Activities on Goals and Achievement."
American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 680-702.
Spady, W. (1971). "Status, Achievement, and Motivation in the
American High School." School Review, Vol. 79, No. 31, pp. 379-
403.
Willingham, W. W. (l985). Success in College: The Role of
Personal Qualities and Academic Ability. New York: College
Board Publications.